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ModelForm a. class Meta: model, # 对应Model的 fields=None, # 字段 exclude=None, # 排除字段 labels=None, # 提示信息 help_texts=None, # 帮助提示信息 widgets=None, # 自定义插件 error_messages=None, # 自定义错误信息(整体错误信息from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS) field_classes=None # 自定义字段类 (也可以自定义字段) localized_fields=('birth_date',) # 本地化,如:根据不同时区显示数据 如: 数据库中 2016-12-27 04:10:57 setting中的配置 TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai' USE_TZ = True 则显示: 2016-12-27 12:10:57 b. 验证执行过程 is_valid -> full_clean -> 钩子 -> 整体错误 c. 字典字段验证 def clean_字段名(self): # 可以抛出异常 # from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError return "新值" d. 用于验证 model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm() model_form_obj.is_valid() model_form_obj.errors.as_json() model_form_obj.clean() model_form_obj.cleaned_data e. 用于创建 model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(request.POST) #### 页面显示,并提交 ##### # 默认保存多对多 obj = form.save(commit=True) # 不做任何操作,内部定义 save_m2m(用于保存多对多) obj = form.save(commit=False) obj.save() # 保存单表信息 obj.save_m2m() # 保存关联多对多信息 f. 用于更新和初始化 obj = model.tb.objects.get(id=1) model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(request.POST,instance=obj) ... PS: 单纯初始化 model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(initial={...})
一个实例:
1. models.py
1 from django.db import models 2 3 # Create your models here. 4 5 6 class UserInfo(models.Model): 7 name = models.CharField(max_length=32) 8 email = models.EmailField() 9 nickName = models.CharField(max_length=32)10 group = models.ForeignKey('UserGroup', null=True, blank=True)11 role = models.ManyToManyField('Role', null=True, blank=True)12 13 def __str__(self):14 return self.name15 16 17 class UserGroup(models.Model):18 name = models.CharField(max_length=32)19 info = models.TextField()20 21 def __str__(self):22 return self.name23 24 25 class Role(models.Model):26 name = models.CharField(max_length=32)27 info = models.TextField()28 29 def __str__(self):30 return self.name
2. views.py
1 from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse 2 from django.forms import ModelForm 3 from django.forms import fields as dfields 4 from django.forms import widgets as dwidgets 5 from app01 import models 6 7 8 class TestModelForm(ModelForm): 9 class Meta:10 model = models.UserInfo11 fields = '__all__'12 error_messages = {13 'name': {14 'required': '用户名不能为空',15 },16 'email': {17 'required': '邮箱不能为空',18 'invalid': '邮箱格式不正确',19 },20 'nickName': {21 'required': '昵称不能为空',22 }23 }24 labels = {25 'name': '用户名',26 'email': '邮箱',27 'nickName': '昵称',28 'group': '部门',29 'role': '角色',30 }31 widgets = {32 'name': dwidgets.Input(attrs={ 'class': 'form-control'}),33 'email': dwidgets.Input(attrs={ 'class': 'form-control'}),34 'nickName': dwidgets.Input(attrs={ 'class': 'form-control'}),35 'group': dwidgets.Select(attrs={ 'class': 'form-control'}),36 'role': dwidgets.SelectMultiple(attrs={ 'class': 'form-control'}),37 }38 39 # Create your views here.40 41 42 def test(request):43 content = { 'form': None}44 if request.method == 'GET':45 form = TestModelForm()46 content['form'] = form47 return render(request, 'test.html', content)48 else:49 form = TestModelForm(request.POST)50 content['form'] = form51 if form.is_valid():52 print(form.cleaned_data)53 form.save()54 return HttpResponse('add success!')55 else:56 return render(request, 'test.html', content)57 58 59 def edit(request, nid):60 obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first()61 content = { 'form': None}62 if request.method == 'GET':63 form = TestModelForm(instance=obj)64 content['form'] = form65 return render(request, 'edit.html', content)66 else:67 form = TestModelForm(instance=obj, data=request.POST, files=request.FILES)68 if form.is_valid():69 form.save()70 return HttpResponse('edit success!')71 content['form'] = form72 return render(request, 'test.html', content)
3. templates
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